process.cpp

// Copyright (c) 2020 Egor Tensin <Egor.Tensin@gmail.com>
// This file is part of the "winapi-common" project.
// For details, see https://github.com/egor-tensin/winapi-common.
// Distributed under the MIT License.
 
#include <winapi/cmd_line.hpp>
#include <winapi/error.hpp>
#include <winapi/handle.hpp>
#include <winapi/process.hpp>
#include <winapi/process_io.hpp>
#include <winapi/resource.hpp>
#include <winapi/utf8.hpp>
 
// clang-format off
#include <windows.h>
#include <shellapi.h>
// clang-format on
 
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstring>
#include <limits>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
 
namespace winapi {
namespace {
 
using EscapedCommandLine = std::vector<wchar_t>;
 
EscapedCommandLine escape_command_line(const CommandLine& cmd_line) {
    const auto unicode_cmd_line = widen(cmd_line.to_string());
    EscapedCommandLine buffer;
    buffer.reserve(unicode_cmd_line.size() + 1);
    buffer.assign(unicode_cmd_line.cbegin(), unicode_cmd_line.cend());
    buffer.emplace_back(L'\0');
    return buffer;
}
 
Handle create_process(ProcessParameters& params) {
    /*
     * When creating a new console process, the options are:
     * 1) inherit the parent console (the default),
     * 2) CREATE_NO_WINDOW,
     * 3) CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE,
     * 4) DETACHED_PROCESS.
     *
     * Child processes can inherit the console.
     * By that I mean they will display their output in the same window.
     * If both the child process and the parent process read from stdin, there
     * is no way to say which process will read any given input byte.
     *
     * There's an excellent guide into all the intricacies of the CreateProcess
     * system call at
     *
     *     https://github.com/rprichard/win32-console-docs/blob/master/README.md
     *
     * Another useful link is https://ikriv.com/dev/cpp/ConsoleProxy/flags.
     */
    static constexpr DWORD default_dwCreationFlags = CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT;
 
    STARTUPINFOW startup_info;
    std::memset(&startup_info, 0, sizeof(startup_info));
    startup_info.cb = sizeof(startup_info);
 
    if (params.io) {
        startup_info.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
        startup_info.hStdInput = static_cast<HANDLE>(params.io->std_in.handle);
        startup_info.hStdOutput = static_cast<HANDLE>(params.io->std_out.handle);
        startup_info.hStdError = static_cast<HANDLE>(params.io->std_err.handle);
    }
 
    auto dwCreationFlags = default_dwCreationFlags;
 
    switch (params.console_mode) {
        case ProcessParameters::ConsoleNone:
            dwCreationFlags |= CREATE_NO_WINDOW;
            break;
        case ProcessParameters::ConsoleInherit:
            // This is the default.
            break;
        case ProcessParameters::ConsoleNew:
            dwCreationFlags |= CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE;
            break;
    }
 
    PROCESS_INFORMATION child_info;
    std::memset(&child_info, 0, sizeof(child_info));
 
    {
        auto cmd_line = escape_command_line(params.cmd_line);
 
        const auto ret = ::CreateProcessW(NULL,
                                          cmd_line.data(),
                                          NULL,
                                          NULL,
                                          TRUE,
                                          dwCreationFlags,
                                          NULL,
                                          NULL,
                                          &startup_info,
                                          &child_info);
 
        if (!ret) {
            throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "CreateProcessW");
        }
    }
 
    if (params.io) {
        params.io->close();
    }
 
    Handle process{child_info.hProcess};
    Handle thread{child_info.hThread};
 
    return process;
}
 
Handle shell_execute(const ShellParameters& params) {
    const auto lpVerb = params.verb ? widen(*params.verb) : L"open";
    const auto lpFile = widen(params.cmd_line.get_argv0());
    const auto lpParameters = widen(params.cmd_line.args_to_string());
 
    static constexpr uint32_t default_fMask = SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS | SEE_MASK_FLAG_NO_UI;
 
    auto fMask = default_fMask;
    auto nShow = SW_SHOWDEFAULT;
 
    switch (params.console_mode) {
        case ProcessParameters::ConsoleNone:
            nShow = SW_HIDE;
            break;
        case ProcessParameters::ConsoleInherit:
            fMask |= SEE_MASK_NO_CONSOLE;
            break;
        case ProcessParameters::ConsoleNew:
            // This is the default.
            break;
    }
 
    SHELLEXECUTEINFOW info;
    std::memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
    info.cbSize = sizeof(info);
    info.fMask = fMask;
    info.lpVerb = lpVerb.c_str();
    info.lpFile = lpFile.c_str();
    if (!lpParameters.empty())
        info.lpParameters = lpParameters.c_str();
    info.nShow = nShow;
 
    if (!::ShellExecuteExW(&info)) {
        throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "ShellExecuteExW");
    }
 
    return Handle{info.hProcess};
}
 
Handle open_process(DWORD id, DWORD permissions) {
    Handle process{OpenProcess(permissions, FALSE, id)};
    if (!process.is_valid()) {
        throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "OpenProcess");
    }
    return process;
}
 
class PathBuffer {
public:
    PathBuffer() : m_size{min_size} { m_data.resize(m_size); }
 
    DWORD get_size() const { return m_size; }
 
    wchar_t* get_data() { return m_data.data(); }
 
    void grow() {
        if (m_size < min_size) {
            m_size = min_size;
        } else {
            // Check if we can still multiply by two.
            if (std::numeric_limits<decltype(m_size)>::max() - m_size < m_size)
                throw std::range_error{"Path buffer is too large"};
            m_size *= 2;
        }
        m_data.resize(m_size);
    }
 
private:
    static constexpr DWORD min_size = MAX_PATH;
 
    DWORD m_size;
    std::vector<wchar_t> m_data;
};
 
std::string get_current_exe_path(PathBuffer& buffer) {
    SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);
 
    const auto ec = ::GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, buffer.get_data(), buffer.get_size());
 
    if (ec == 0) {
        throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "GetModuleFileNameW");
    }
 
    if (ec == buffer.get_size() && GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
        buffer.grow();
        return get_current_exe_path(buffer);
    }
 
    return narrow(buffer.get_data());
}
 
std::string get_current_exe_path() {
    PathBuffer buffer;
    return get_current_exe_path(buffer);
}
 
std::string get_exe_path(const Handle& process, PathBuffer& buffer) {
    auto size = buffer.get_size();
 
    const auto ec = ::QueryFullProcessImageNameW(process.get(), 0, buffer.get_data(), &size);
 
    if (ec != 0) {
        return narrow(buffer.get_data());
    }
 
    if (GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
        buffer.grow();
        return get_exe_path(process, buffer);
    }
 
    throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "QueryFullProcessImageNameW");
}
 
std::string get_exe_path(const Handle& process) {
    PathBuffer buffer;
    return get_exe_path(process, buffer);
}
 
} // namespace
 
Process Process::create(ProcessParameters params) {
    return Process{create_process(params)};
}
 
Process Process::create(const CommandLine& cmd_line) {
    ProcessParameters params{cmd_line};
    return create(std::move(params));
}
 
Process Process::create(const CommandLine& cmd_line, process::IO io) {
    ProcessParameters params{cmd_line};
    params.io = std::move(io);
    return create(std::move(params));
}
 
Process Process::shell(const ShellParameters& params) {
    return Process{shell_execute(params)};
}
 
Process Process::shell(const CommandLine& cmd_line) {
    ShellParameters params{cmd_line};
    return shell(params);
}
 
Process Process::current() {
    return Process{::GetCurrentProcessId(), Handle{::GetCurrentProcess()}};
}
 
Process Process::open(DWORD id, DWORD permissions) {
    return Process{id, open_process(id, permissions)};
}
 
Process Process::open_r(DWORD id) {
    return open(id, read_permissions());
}
 
DWORD Process::default_permissions() {
    return PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION;
}
 
DWORD Process::read_permissions() {
    return default_permissions() | PROCESS_VM_READ;
}
 
bool Process::is_running() const {
    const auto ret = ::WaitForSingleObject(static_cast<HANDLE>(m_handle), 0);
 
    switch (ret) {
        case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
            return false;
        case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
            return true;
        case WAIT_FAILED:
            throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "WaitForSingleObject");
        default:
            // Shouldn't happen.
            throw error::custom(ret, "WaitForSingleObject");
    }
}
 
void Process::wait() const {
    const auto ret = ::WaitForSingleObject(static_cast<HANDLE>(m_handle), INFINITE);
 
    switch (ret) {
        case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
            return;
        case WAIT_FAILED:
            throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "WaitForSingleObject");
        default:
            // Shouldn't happen.
            throw error::custom(ret, "WaitForSingleObject");
    }
}
 
void Process::terminate(int ec) const {
    if (!::TerminateProcess(static_cast<HANDLE>(m_handle), static_cast<UINT>(ec))) {
        throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "TerminateProcess");
    }
}
 
void Process::shut_down(int ec) const {
    terminate(ec);
    wait();
}
 
int Process::get_exit_code() const {
    DWORD ec = 0;
 
    const auto ret = ::GetExitCodeProcess(static_cast<HANDLE>(m_handle), &ec);
 
    if (!ret) {
        throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "GetExitCodeProcess");
    }
 
    if (ec == STILL_ACTIVE) {
        throw std::runtime_error{"Attempted to query the exit code of a running process"};
    }
 
    return static_cast<int>(ec);
}
 
std::string Process::get_exe_path() const {
    if (m_handle.get() == ::GetCurrentProcess()) {
        return get_current_exe_path();
    } else {
        return winapi::get_exe_path(m_handle);
    }
}
 
HMODULE Process::get_exe_module() {
    const auto module = ::GetModuleHandleW(NULL);
    if (module == NULL) {
        throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "GetModuleHandleW");
    }
    return module;
}
 
std::string Process::get_resource_string(uint32_t id) {
    wchar_t* s = nullptr;
 
    const auto nch = ::LoadStringW(get_exe_module(), id, reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(&s), 0);
 
    if (nch <= 0) {
        throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "LoadStringW");
    }
 
    return narrow(s, nch * sizeof(wchar_t));
}
 
Resource Process::get_resource(uint32_t id) {
    const auto module = get_exe_module();
 
    const auto src = ::FindResourceA(module, MAKEINTRESOURCEA(id), RT_RCDATA);
 
    if (src == NULL) {
        throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "FindResourceA");
    }
 
    const auto resource = ::LoadResource(module, src);
 
    if (resource == NULL) {
        throw error::windows(GetLastError(), "LoadResource");
    }
 
    const auto data = ::LockResource(resource);
 
    if (data == NULL) {
        std::ostringstream oss;
        oss << "Couldn't get data pointer for resource with ID " << id;
        throw std::runtime_error{oss.str()};
    }
 
    const auto nb = ::SizeofResource(module, src);
 
    return {data, nb};
}
 
Process::Process(Handle&& handle) : Process{::GetProcessId(handle.get()), std::move(handle)} {}
 
Process::Process(ID id, Handle&& handle) : m_id{id}, m_handle{std::move(handle)} {}
 
} // namespace winapi