boost.md: publish on the web

"C++ notes", https://egor-tensin.github.io/cpp-notes/.

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-Boost
-=====
-
-Below you can find the steps required to build Boost libraries on Windows.
-These steps tightly fit my typical workflow, which is to use Boost libraries in
-CMake builds using either Visual Studio or the combination of Cygwin &
-MinGW-w64.
-I would expect, however, that the procedure for the latter toolset can easily
-be adjusted for generic GCC distributions (including vanilla GCCs found in
-popular Linux distributions).
-
-One of the features of this workflow is that I build throwaway, "run once on
-each VM, record the results, and scrap it" executables not more often than not,
-so I prefer to link everything statically, including for instance the C/C++
-runtimes.
-This is implemented by passing `runtime-link=static` to Boost's build utility
-`b2`; change this to `runtime-link=dynamic` to link the runtime dynamically.
-
-Visual Studio
--------------
-
-Statically-linked Boost libraries are built by default, both the debug and the
-release versions of them.
-While it is required to keep x86/x64 libraries in different directories (to
-avoid file name clashes), it's not necessary to separate debug libraries from
-their release counterparts, because that information is actually encoded in
-file names (the "gd" suffix).
-
-### x86
-
-```
-> cd
-D:\workspace\third-party\boost_1_61_0\msvc
-
-> bootstrap
-...
-
-> b2 --stagedir=stage\x86  ^
-    runtime-link=static    ^
-    --with-filesystem      ^
-    --with-program_options ^
-    ...
-...
-```
-
-### x64
-
-The only important difference is that you have to pass `address-model=64` to
-`b2` (notice also the different "stage" directory).
-
-```
-> cd
-D:\workspace\third-party\boost_1_61_0\msvc
-
-> bootstrap
-...
-
-> b2 --stagedir=stage\x64  ^
-    runtime-link=static    ^
-    address-model=64       ^
-    --with-filesystem      ^
-    --with-program_options ^
-    ...
-...
-```
-
-Cygwin + MinGW-w64
-------------------
-
-Contrary to the Visual Studio example above, it is required to store debug and
-release libraries *as well as* x86 and x64 libraries in different directories.
-It is required to avoid file name clashes; unlike the Visual Studio "toolset"
-(in Boost's terms), GCC-derived toolsets don't encode any information (like
-whether the debug or the release version of a library was built) in file names.
-
-Also, linking the runtime statically doesn't really make sense for MinGW, as it
-always links to msvcrt.dll, which is [simply Visual Studio 6.0 runtime].
-
-[simply Visual Studio 6.0 runtime]: https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw-w64/wiki2/The%20case%20against%20msvcrt.dll/
-
-In the examples below, only the debug versions of the libraries are built.
-Build the release versions by executing the same command, and substituting
-`variant=release` and the proper "stage" directory path.
-
-### x86
-
-```
-> cd
-/cygdrive/d/workspace/third-party/boost_1_61_0/mingw
-
-> ./bootstrap.sh
-...
-
-> cat user-config-x86.jam
-using gcc : : i686-w64-mingw32-g++ ;
-
-> ./b2 toolset=gcc-mingw              \
-    target-os=windows                 \
-    link=static                       \
-    variant=debug                     \
-    --stagedir=stage/x86/debug        \
-    --user-config=user-config-x86.jam \
-    --with-filesystem                 \
-    --with-program_options            \
-    ...
-...
-```
-
-### x64
-
-Notice the two major differences from the x86 example:
-
-* `b2 address-model=64 ...` (as in the example for Visual Studio),
-* the different user configuration file, pointing to `x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++`
-instead of `i686-w64-mingw32-g++`.
-
-Again, as in the example for Visual Studio, a different "stage" directory needs
-to be specified using the `--stagedir` parameter.
-
-```
-> cd
-/cygdrive/d/workspace/third-party/boost_1_61_0/mingw
-
-> ./bootstrap.sh
-...
-
-> cat user-config-x64.jam
-using gcc : : x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ ;
-
-> ./b2 toolset=gcc-mingw              \
-    address-model=64                  \
-    target-os=windows                 \
-    link=static                       \
-    variant=debug                     \
-    --stagedir=stage/x64/debug        \
-    --user-config=user-config-x64.jam \
-    --with-filesystem                 \
-    --with-program_options            \
-    ...
-...
-```
-
-Usage in CMake
---------------
-
-### Visual Studio
-
-#### x86
-
-```
-> cd
-D:\workspace\build\test_project\msvc\x64
-
-> cmake -G "Visual Studio 14 2015" ^
-    -D BOOST_ROOT=D:\workspace\third-party\boost_1_61_0\msvc                     ^
-    -D BOOST_LIBRARYDIR=D:\workspace\third-party\boost_1_61_0\msvc\stage\x86\lib ^
-    -D Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS=ON    ^
-    -D Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME=ON ^
-    ...
-```
-
-#### x64
-
-```
-> cd
-D:\workspace\build\test_project\msvc\x86
-
-> cmake -G "Visual Studio 14 2015 Win64" ^
-    -D BOOST_ROOT=D:\workspace\third-party\boost_1_61_0\msvc                     ^
-    -D BOOST_LIBRARYDIR=D:\workspace\third-party\boost_1_61_0\msvc\stage\x64\lib ^
-    -D Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS=ON          ^
-    -D Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME=ON       ^
-    ...
-```
-
-### Cygwin + MinGW-w64
-
-#### x86
-
-```
-> cd
-/cygdrive/d/workspace/build/test_project/mingw/x86/debug
-
-> cmake -G "Unix Makefiles"                    \
-    -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug                  \
-    -D CMAKE_C_COMPILER=i686-w64-mingw32-gcc   \
-    -D CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=i686-w64-mingw32-g++ \
-    -D BOOST_ROOT=/cygdrive/d/workspace/third-party/boost_1_61_0/mingw                     \
-    -D BOOST_LIBRARYDIR=/cygdrive/d/workspace/third-party/boost_1_61_0/mingw/x86/debug/lib \
-    -D Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS=ON                \
-    ...
-```
-
-#### x64
-
-```
-> cd
-/cygdrive/d/workspace/build/test_project/mingw/x64/debug
-
-> cmake -G "Unix Makefiles"                      \
-    -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release                  \
-    -D CMAKE_C_COMPILER=x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc   \
-    -D CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ \
-    -D BOOST_ROOT=/cygdrive/d/workspace/third-party/boost_1_61_0/mingw                     \
-    -D BOOST_LIBRARYDIR=/cygdrive/d/workspace/third-party/boost_1_61_0/mingw/x64/debug/lib \
-    -D Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS=ON                  \
-    ...
-```